BRADFORD IN THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION
In the archaeozoic 18th coulomb Bradford was a small market place town with a population of, perhaps, 4,000. However in the latterly 18th century Bradford was transformed by the industrial revolution.
The textile industry in the north of England boomed. The scratch line bank in Bradford opened in 1771. Bradford canal was strengthened in 1774 and in 1777 it was connected to the Leeds-Liverpool canal. The improvement in communications boosted industry in the town. In 1793 a Piece pressure group was create were cloth could be bought and sold. After 1800 the hand dwell weavers, who wove cloth in their own homes were replaced by mills in which machines were worked by steam engines.
Conditions in the dark, depleted mills in Bradford were dreadful. A 12 hour on the job(p) day was common, even for boyish children. Overseers carried leather straps to hit children who were unemployed or careless. However in the late 19th century conditions improved. Working hours were reduced and mill owners were banned from employing very young children.
In the late 18th century and early 19th Bradford grew very rapidly. In 1780 it had a population of active 4,500. By 1801 it had more than 6,000 inhabitants. By 1851 the population of Bradford had reached an incredible 103,000. The bulky rise in population was partly due to in-migration from Germany and Ireland.
The very rapid growth of Bradford meant houses were built in a hiddley-piggledy fashion. There were no building regulations until 1854 and some working class housing was horrid. There were no sewers or drains and overcrowding was common. Worst of all were the cellar dwellings. Whole families lived in damp, disadvantageously ventilated cellars. Often poor families had no furniture. They used woody boxes as tables and slept on straw or rags.
However there were some...
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