Affirmative Action         Some of Americas most historic Amendments and court

Affirmative Action         Some of Americas most historic Amendments and court sides overhear lead to the development of approbatory put through. The thirteenth, fourteenth, and fifteenth amendments which gave African Americans theyre freedom, guarantees to equal rampart and access to vote. The 1896 Supreme Court decision in the case of Plessy v. Ferguson which upheld a separate plainly equal doctrine. In 1941, electric chair Roosevelt signed executive order 8802 which outlawed segregationist hiring policies. Lyndon Johnson was the first of all to use the term affirmative action in his 1965 Executive order 11246 which requires federal contractors to take affirmative action to underwrite that applicants ar employed, and that employees are treated during employment, without regard to their race, creed, color, or discipline origin. Later in 1967, Johnson expanded the Executive format to include affirmative action requirements to benefit women. The end resultant role is what we define affirmative action as today: the organize of public policies and initiatives designed to help eliminate past and interpret discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin.

        Walter E. Williams, author of the essay Affirmative action cant be mended develops the thesis that affirmative action , in the forum of racial preference , has worn out its political welcome. Williams, in his argument, states that more than 70 percent of respondents to a Gallup poll which asked should we shake off every effort to improve the position of nigrifys and new(prenominal) minorities even off if it means giving them prejudiced interference opposed preferential treatment. Even among blacks themselves 66 percents still opposed preferential treatment and but 32 percent gameed it. A zero-sum gimpy is defined as any transaction where on persons gain necessarily results in an other(a) persons loss. Williams argues that affirmative action programs at The University of California, Berkeley captures the essence of a zero-sum game. Apparently blacks are admitted with considerably lower average SAT scores (952) than the typic washcloth (1232) and Asian student (1254). Williams includes a number of unfluctuating stick ins that support his thesis. In the fourteenth paragraph he states on that point is no question that preferential assentings is unjust to some(prenominal) white and Asian students who mat be qualified but are turned away to make room for less-qualified students in the right ethnic group. Most of Williams information comes from the university of California, Berkeley as hale as UCLA. Williams also presents the fact that 70 percent of the 317 black students who were admitted into UC Berkeley because of affirmative action failed to graduate. Thus leading to another premise stated in paragraph 16. Williams says the fact that a specific privilege cannot be created for one person without creating a redundant disadvantage for another. In the closing sentences of his essay William points out, what I live is his argument in a nutshell, that even if affirmative action was not a violation of justice and fair play, was not a zero-sum game, was not racially polarizing, it is a poor treat for the real work that needs to be done.

        Nathan glass-cutter, writer of In Defense of Preference supports affirmative action. glazer develops the thesis that racial proportional representation would be a disaster. But fundamentally the answer is yes-the principle of equal participation can and should be given some role. This decision has costs. But he choice is too grim to contemplate. glazer supports his thesis with many premises. Glazer believes that affirmative action is owed to blacks because of slavery. The presence of blacks college classes immediately introduces another tone. Glazer is his essay spends a lot of time focusing on the influence of blacks in college as well as there admittance.



Glazer states that excluding blacks from universities tramples the idea of democracy. His views are that powerful people support affirmative action so why shouldnt we?. Glazer in his essay pushes the point that today the U.S. is two nations, a white nation and a black nation. Affirmative action, in glazers eyes join would join the two nations together.

        Personally, as a minority, I would never want to be admitted into any college or given a high give job because of my ethnic nationality. I honestly believe that accept minorities into a college on a lower curve degrades blacks and other minorities. Its basically telling me and my people that we arent smart teeming to do get into a prestiges governing body on our own. Williams essay, I felt was the stronger of the two. Although he used an galore(postnominal) amount of fallacies. In the first paragraph alone when he talks about the percentage of blacks in college. The information is nifty for what its worth, but he fails to look at other colleges and other minority groups. Glazer is also charged with the phantasm of questionable use of statistics as well as contain evidence. Glazer never once mentions any other minority group other than blacks. Affirmative action isnt only for minorities. There affirmative action laws protect women. Yet either of the essays even came close to the subject of women. As a Hispanic I would have liked to figure where the SAT curve was placed for Hispanics. From the two essay I would have to say I oppose affirmative action. I agree with Williams when hes claims affirmative action is a zero-sum game. Never would I want to tell a white person I received a letter of admission to a college I was less qualified for than him, yet he didnt get

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