Globalization, Nation-States and Transnational Entities Essay

The historical study of the main peculiar(prenominal)s and normative legacy of a acres- asseverate has be complicated for the well-disposed sciences as a whole. During the past few centuries, the soil- rural bea has been deified and demonised equ every(prenominal)y it has been regarded as modern as well as ancient miscell either of social and political community it has been seen as an imagined or imaginary auberge rational bodily structure of the community it has take a crapd as much happiness as well as misery it has been a source for political democracy, cosmopolitanism and cultural cleansing.It has too coexisted with empires colonies, blocks, protectorates, city-states among early(a)wise configurations of political organisations. It has gone through with(predicate) and experienced the unification, occupation, totalistic terror, divisions and then unification. It has won legitimacy around ethnic or racial, republican, liberal, democratic class principle and fede ral (Chernilo, 2007). In spite of all these, a terra firma-state succeeded to present itself as a solid, stable and as the necessary process of social and political organisation in the contemporary world.The nation-state is a territorial organisation that self-recognizes and deriving its political authenticity from the battalion and serving as a supreme body for a country as a sovereign territorial entity (Chernilo, 2007). Most people view a nation as a political thing that is self evident, a sort of natural culmination of all societies. It is high time people realise that the idea of a nation that europium gave to the world was perhaps transient political jump, a European exception, a precarious transition surrounded by ages of kings and the neo-imperial age (Guehenno & angstrom unit Elliott, 2000).1). young nation-states have diverse feelings to their filth, compared to the dynastic monarchies it is semi-sanctified, and non-exchangeable. No nation would swap territory with other states simply, for instance, beca apply the kings daughter got married. They have a discrete type of boundary, in principle outlined only by the surface area of settlement of the field group, although most nation-states as well as sought natural borders like rivers, lakes, mountain ranges among others.The most outstanding characteristic is the degree to which nation-states use the state as an instrument of national unity, in economic, social and cultural dimensions. This is done by promoting economic unity, first by abolishing internal customs and taxes. Nation-states normally have a guideline to form and book a national shipping infrastructure, facilitating personal credit line and movement (DiVanna, 2003). Nation-states ordinarily have more centralised and equivalent public government than its compound predecessors they are smaller, and the population slight diverse.In several instances, the regional constitution is also subordinated to central or national go vernment. They also have an identical nationwide customs, through states guiding principle. The model of the nation-state suggests that its gayity constitutes a nation, fused by a widespread descent, a roughhewn language and various forms of shared culture. When the unity is absent, the nation-state frequently tries to craft it by promoting a homogeneous national language, through language guiding principle.The nation-states cr flowe a customary curriculum for both primary and secondary command as a way of fostering a common language. In gain, to create a common identity, history of a nation-state is enshrined in their curricula and taught unremarkably in a propagandistic and mythologized edition, and especially during wars around nation-states still get wind this kind of history. Language and cultural policy was sometimes negative, chooseed at the downsizing of non-national elements. Language prohibitions were sometimes used to accelerate the adoption of national languag es, and the decay of minority languages.A nation-state has a constitution that is a set of rules that governs its trading operations and is official. A state is as well recognised but other countries as independent and with the United Nations by her being a subdivision of the UN. Besides, the state also acts on behalf of the people that are residing in that territory and nation-state is continuous in the sense that a set of leaders gravel and go but the nation-state remains, thus its continuity. Nationalism being a ingathering of modernity, reflecting on peoples need to belong to a social group to have a feeling of security in an surroundings where a people live.Nationalism has been seen as an intense force that has resulted into socio-political conflicts all over the world, besides, it has been an instrument for bigotry and social unrests. The key to lasting business viability in a connected world is that each firm is division of one or more nedeucerks of abide by. Thus c ollaboration is the pillar to adding value as a network share. More often, people and corporations collaborate because of the improvement that may accrue due to such collaboration (DiVanna, 2003) A nation defines itself by non only what it is, but as well as what it is non.It is not a social group, neither is it a religious group, nor a racial group a nation is what binds together the citizens of a nation is a amalgamation of historical factors that can not be trim down to a single dimension as social, religious, or racial (Guehenno &type A Elliott, 2000) an example of a nation is Ger many an(prenominal). A state such as Georgia is described as a definite territory in which a legitimate government has the ability to regard its own activities without gust from other system of governments (Europa, 2010).It depicts more of a political and geographical area associated with a kind of political body a nation, on the other hand, describes more of a cultural and/or ethnic entity. T he term nation-state implies that the two geographically concur, and this distinguishes the nation-state from the other types of state, which historically come first, an example of a state is Georgia. In addition, a nation-state is understood as a political demeanor of a single or a central and relatively same ethnic group. It groups very heterogeneous societies, communities loosely under the guidance of a common religious, and/or dynastic tradition.The basis of segmentation that characterise such communities can be geographical, religious, political, social, economical, ethnical, race and even class or class (European fantan, 2008), an example of a state is Algeria. 2). The US has territorial boundaries which are not easily swopped. Besides, US is a symbolic community with her people voluntarily dedicate their most important political loyalties in spite of the many meticulous loyalties economic, spiritual, racial, ethnic, political, social that otherwise divide them. This gives t he people of united state to identify with a common culture as a people of a modern nation-state.In addition, the U. S has an impersonal power structure which bears it legitimacy from a people. A countrys remote policy, which at time is called the foreignist relations policy, consists of approaches preferred by the state to defense its national interests and to achieve its goals in international relations. The plans are intentionally use to interact with other nation-states. Contemporarily, due to transnational and globalization activities, the nation-states will also have to interact with non-state actors like terrorists.A nation-states interests are overriding foreign policies are premeditated by the government through high-ranking decision making progressions. More often than not, creating foreign policy is the demarcation of the head of government and the foreign minister. In some countries the legislature is also mingled in the process. 2 b). An example of foreign pol icy of US is Security from attack is the most paramount foreign policy of any nation. That is a nation should endeavour to have foreign policies that do not make her vulnerable from physical external attack, either by other countries or by individual actors like terrorists.The focus of US foreign policy is thus, geared towards building a power to defend herself from against attack from other nation-states and these individual actors like international terrorists. Security from attack should go beyond the physical attack to include the domestic wellbeing of the American citizens and protect them against some psychological troubles like the loss of their jobs to foreigners, because of perhaps, poor foreign policy on immigration issues, and sell among others.Foreign policy of the US is national interest or international justice which focuses on the economic consumption of the US when other nations go against human rights like right to life, by some regimes which go to war and engage in massacre, genocide among others. Others fence in that US should develop a foreign policy that protects human right when abused not only in American soil but also in other parts of the word. This may take a more noble form as diplomacy and may go to the extreme as military intervention if necessary, and then help with the reconstruction of the nation-state in question, like in the eggshell of Iraq (Page & Bouton, 2006).The aftermath of terra firma War II saw the creation of European marrow which was seen by many as an escape from the extreme forms of nationalism which had destroyed the continent. This followed the governing body of the European Coal and Steel Community which, while having the modest aim of consolidated control of the previously national coal and steel industries of its member states, is seen to be the first step which culminated in the formation of the European married couple. The foundation members of the Community were Belgium, France, Italy, Luxembo urg, the Netherlands, and West Germany.It progressed to form a peaceful Europe through cooperation in the 1940s. Due to the war between the east and the western in the 1950s there was need for peace in Europe. Therefore the Soviet tanks put down protests against the communist regime in Hungary. In 1957, the give of the first man-made space satellite by the Soviet nub acted as a pioneer in the space race in addition to the European Economic Community or Common food market that was created by the Rome treaty. The emergence of youth cultures took place in the sextetteties bringing with it economic growth.In return, the EU countries stopped charging duty on custom in the course of their trade with each other. During this period, they agreed on joint food production control so that everyone had enough to eat which resulted in excess agricultural produce. In 1973 resulted in a developing community when Denmark, Ireland and the United Kingdom joined the European essence, and raised the add up of members to nine. This period experienced the last right wing dictatorship in Europe due to Salazar regime being overthrown in Portugal and the General Franco of Spains death.The influence in EU affairs by the European Parliament increased and hence all citizens could elect their members instantaneously for the first time. In addition jobs and infrastructure in poorer areas were created when the EU regional policy started to maneuver huge sums of money. The changing face of Europe was introduced by the fall of the Berlin fence in the 1980s. Greece additionally joined the European heart and soul followed by Spain and Portugal pentad years later.The single European Act which is the foundation for a six year program that resolves problems with the free flow of trade across EU borders and creates the Single market was then signed in 1987. In 1989, the Berlin besiege was pulled down and for the first time, the border between East and West Germany was overt and led to the reunification of Germany when these two united in 1990. In the mid-nineties the European Union developed a Europe without frontiers which resulted in Europeans being closer to each other when in central and Eastern Europe there was a collapse of communism.This was when the single market was completed and the tetrad immunitys of movement of goods, services, people and money was developed in addition to the Maastricht conformity on European Union in 1993 and the Treaty of Amsterdam in 1999. Austria, Finland and Sweden join the other member states in 1995, people are allowed to locomotion without border checks of passports when as, all village in Luxembourg gave its name to the Schengen agreements, numerous young people were able to study in other countries with the project of EU and with the use of mobile phones and the internet, communication was made easier.From 2000 to present, the European Union experienced further expansion due to the introduction of a smart currency for many Europeans. The member states began to work jointly to fight law-breaking and introduced the war on terror after hijacked planes were flown in New York and uppercase buildings. More than 10 countries joined EU and between east and west Europe there was a healing of political divisions (Europa, 2010). b).These major institutions of the European Union are the European Parliament or EP which is elected directly by EUs citizens to act as their representative, the Council of the European Union which is a representative of individual member states and the European Commission which endeavours to sustain the sum totals interest as a whole. The three form an institutional triangle which makes policies and laws applied throughout the EU. The new laws are proposed by the commission but then they are adopted by the fantan and council.In addition, the Court of Justice which applys the European law and the Court of Auditors which checks the union activities finances are other institution s that play important roles (Europa, 2010). Moreover, there are also the European Investment Bank, Economic and Social Committee, Committee of the Regions, European Ombudsman, and the European Monetary Institute (ILO, 2010) The countries that make up the European Union are otherwise known as its member states. Though they maintain their independence, they put their power together in order to achieve long suit and influence which they could not as individual nations.This means that they give some decision making powers to created institutions which they share so that issues related to a common interest are decided on with democracy at European level. In total, they are27 are Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, and the United Kingdom (Europa, 2010) c).The European Union enables clos er relationships between its member states in order to maximize on their collective potential. This applies to economic and political activities such as free trade, freedom of movement, and choice of job. In addition it serves to unify the actions of its member countries in foothold of security, foreign policy, and cooperation in matters related to police and justice. A lot of beaucracy that was involved with these issues has since been dissolved. In addition it has achieved its principle aim of ensuring Europes perceptual constancy after the Second World War (ILO, 2010)d). Foreign policy objectives for the European Union include peace building and peace making. This involves prevention and control of war or conflict between member states and other nations. It works to eliminate suffering of related citizens The rule of law and respect for human rights and basic freedom should also be strengthened by pursue ambitious human rights policy that is based on agreement with the indiv idual clause that is concerned with human rights and democracy.An agreement based upon structured and sound political dialogue should also be established in addition to the implementation of the introduced parliamentary dimension (European Parliament, 2008) 4a). The nation-states and transnational entities pursued by the use of foreign policy tools such as diplomatic negotiations, economic aid, and sanctions, trade restrictions, military interventions, unilateral, or cooperative. These options are evaluated and monitored in attempts to maximize benefits of multilateral international cooperation.A nation-state can use them singly or a combination. b). The consequences of this fundamental interaction for international politics are numerous. Some of them include the subordination of national interests of a country to uphold the collective interests of the nation-states, like the United States, or the transnational entities like the European Union. The economic interdependence is likel y to either make war between trading partners less likely or, as realists claim, that economic interdependence increases the likelihood of conflict.Such countries that engage in international may be prone to terrorists attacks besides, the nation-state can be less popular in other countries when the use military interventions like the case or US intervention in Iraq. References Busby,W. J. , 2010. Who Cares about the Weather? clime Change and U. S. National Security. 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